Ormond defines two types of motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is motivation that comes from within a person. This type of motivation arises from the joy of participation in a particular activity or job. For example, one is motivated to read books because one loves to read. Another example is one who volunteers to cook dinner on most occasions, loves to cook. Extrinsic motivation is when the desire to perform a task lies outside of an individual and the task at hand. An example would be studying for a test in a subject one did not care for. The person wants to study in order to pass the class, but does not actually enjoy the activity of studying the material.
Ormond states that intrinsic motivation has many advantages in comparison to extrinsic motivation. One advantage is that a person will perform a task without the threat of punishment. Another advantage is that a person who likes something will try to discover as much as possible about that subject. For example, I love the Kennedy's; therefore, I am motivated to read books about them. Another advantage of intrinsic motivation is one will be persistent with a task he or she enjoys even if failure is involved. For example, I might not succeed at winning a 5K, but I love running and will continue to train for a half marathon.
Ormond states that extrinsic motivation presents problems in the classroom in regards to learning. "Extrinsically motivated students may exert only the minimal behavior and cognitive effort they need to execute a task successfully (occasionally this may mean copying someone else's work), and they may stop the activity as soon as reinforcement ceases" (Ormond, 2008, p. 454). If one does not like a particular subject at school, then he or she might perform the bare essentials in order to pass the class. The information learned would be lost because there would be no joy in learning and retaining the material.
No comments:
Post a Comment